William the Conqueror
the first Norman King of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087
Henry II
ruled as Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Nantes, King of England and Lord
common law
a unified body of law formed from rulings of England's royal judges that serves as the basis for law
in many English-speaking countries today, including the United States
Magna Carta
a document guaranteeing basic political rights in England
parliament
a body of representatives that makes laws for a notion
Hugh Capet
the first King of the Franks of the House of Capet from his election in 987 until his death. He succeeded the last Carolingian king, Louis V
Philip II
King of Spain from 1556 and of Portugal from 1581. From 1554 he was King of Naples and Sicily as well as Duke of Milan. During his marriage to Queen Mary I, he was also King of England and Ireland
Estates-General
an assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France
2. Which of the steps toward democratic government are similar to U.S. practices?
Explain.
1. Common law
2. Formation of legislature 3. Elections
3. What two legal practices date back to Henry II?
Juries and common law
4. What are some basic rights guaranteed by the Magna Carta?
1. Everyone will pay taxes
2. Everyone gets a trial by jury 3. Protection of the law 5. Why did Philip II call the Estates-General together?
To win wider support against the pope
Reading guide
1. English Lords lost their land; William granted fiefs to Norman lords, who swore loyalty to him personally, thus laying foundation for centralized government.
2. sent royal judges to parts of England to collect taxes, settle law suits, and punish crimes; introduced use of jury in English courts; laid foundation for English common law.
3. By increasing territory of France, he increased land under his own control and became more powerful than any of vassals; he also established royal officials and bailiffs who presided over his courts and collected his taxes throughout France.
4. It guaranteed what are now seen as certain basic legal rights in Both England and The United States. These guaranteed rights include no taxation without representation, a jury trial, and the protection of law.
5. He created an appeals court, which could overturn decisions of local courts.
6. It was a legislative group composed of commoners- burgesses from every borough and knights from every county. Although under Edward I, Parliament was a royal tool that weakened the great lords, as time went on it. became strong enough to provide check on royal power.
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