L01:
Mesopotamia- The word in Greek means “land between the rivers.”
Sumer- occupied the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
city-state- functioned much as an independent country does today
dynasty- a series of rulers from a single family
cultural diffusion- this process in which a new idea or a product spreads from one culture to another
polytheism- The belief in more than one god
Hammurabi- Hammurabi recognized that a single, uniform code of laws would help to unify the diverse groups within his empire. He collected existing rules, judgments, and laws into the Code of Hammurabi. Hammurabi had the code engraved in stone, and copies were placed all over his empire.
L02:
Sumer is a city-state in Mesopotamia along the fertile crescent. The belief systems, social structure, technology, and arts of the Sumerians reflected their civilization’s triumph over its dry and
harsh environment. Polytheism emerged with many deities representing the natural elements of the world. Science and Technology developed. Arithmetic and geometry, Architectural innovations, and Cuneiform (form of writing).
L03:
The impacts of the Agricultural Revolution on the development of Sumerian civilization
- People first began to settle and farm the flat, swampy lands in southern Mesopotamia before 4500 B.C. Around 3300 B.C.
Unpredictable flooding combined with a period of little or no rain. The
land sometimes became almost a desert.
• With no natural barriers for protection, a Sumerian village was nearly
defenseless.
• The natural resources of Sumer were limited. Building materials and other
necessary items were scarce
• Fertile Crescent- tigris and Euphrates rivers
2. Which of the problems you listed required the most complex solution? The most difficult problems would be the environmental challenges because of the inability to change the weather
3. What were the three environmental challenges to Sumerians?
unpredictable flooding combined with little rain, no natural barriers for protection and the limited natural sources.
4. How did the Sumerians view the gods?
They thought that the gods were the only things protecting them in the world.
5. What areas of life did Hammurabi’s Code cover?
The code affected family relations, business conduct, and crime.
Mesopotamia- The word in Greek means “land between the rivers.”
Sumer- occupied the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
city-state- functioned much as an independent country does today
dynasty- a series of rulers from a single family
cultural diffusion- this process in which a new idea or a product spreads from one culture to another
polytheism- The belief in more than one god
Hammurabi- Hammurabi recognized that a single, uniform code of laws would help to unify the diverse groups within his empire. He collected existing rules, judgments, and laws into the Code of Hammurabi. Hammurabi had the code engraved in stone, and copies were placed all over his empire.
L02:
Sumer is a city-state in Mesopotamia along the fertile crescent. The belief systems, social structure, technology, and arts of the Sumerians reflected their civilization’s triumph over its dry and
harsh environment. Polytheism emerged with many deities representing the natural elements of the world. Science and Technology developed. Arithmetic and geometry, Architectural innovations, and Cuneiform (form of writing).
L03:
The impacts of the Agricultural Revolution on the development of Sumerian civilization
- People first began to settle and farm the flat, swampy lands in southern Mesopotamia before 4500 B.C. Around 3300 B.C.
disadvantages
land sometimes became almost a desert.
• With no natural barriers for protection, a Sumerian village was nearly
defenseless.
• The natural resources of Sumer were limited. Building materials and other
necessary items were scarce
To provide water, they dug irrigation ditches that carried river water to their
fields and allowed them to produce a surplus of crops
• For defense, they built city walls with mud bricks.
• Sumerians traded their grain, cloth, and crafted tools with the peoples of the
mountains and the desert. In exchange, they received raw materials such as
stone, wood, and metal.
1. For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance.
• Fertile Crescent- tigris and Euphrates rivers
•empire- An empire brings together several peoples, nations, or previously independent states under the control of one ruler.
2. Which of the problems you listed required the most complex solution? The most difficult problems would be the environmental challenges because of the inability to change the weather
3. What were the three environmental challenges to Sumerians?
unpredictable flooding combined with little rain, no natural barriers for protection and the limited natural sources.
4. How did the Sumerians view the gods?
They thought that the gods were the only things protecting them in the world.
5. What areas of life did Hammurabi’s Code cover?
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